Question

Exercise Analysis: With your partner or group, perform the exercise below. Break down the exercise into the two primary movement phases (lifting, lowering). 1) Determine the shoulder girdle movements that are occurring in each phase (hint: there are two) 2) Determine the shoulder girdle muscles primarily responsible for causing or controlling these movements (i.e., agonists) (hint: there are three) 3) Indicate the type of contraction (isometric, concentric, eccentric) that is occurring in the agonists during each phase. Exercise:

Lifting phase Lowering phase Movements Agonists Contraction type
Overhead Press (Military press)

Answer 1

1.Lifting Phase:

• Shoulder girdle movements: Shoulder abduction and upward rotation.

Lowering Phase:

• Shoulder girdle movements: Shoulder adduction and downward rotation.

2.Agonist Muscles:

Lifting Phase:

• Upper trapezius (for upward rotation).

• Deltoid (for shoulder abduction).

Lowering Phase:

• Rhomboids (for shoulder adduction).

• Levator scapulae (for downward rotation).

3.Contraction Type:

Lifting Phase:

• Concentric contraction in the deltoid and upper trapezius.

Lowering Phase:

• Eccentric contraction in the rhomboids and levator scapulae.

Step-by-step explanation:

1.Lifting Phase:

• Shoulder Girdle Movements: During the lifting phase of the overhead press, the primary movements in the shoulder girdle involve shoulder abduction (outward movement away from the midline of the body) and upward rotation (rotating the shoulder blade upwards).

Lowering Phase:

• Shoulder Girdle Movements: In the lowering phase, the shoulder girdle movements reverse, involving shoulder adduction (inward movement toward the midline of the body) and downward rotation (rotating the shoulder blade downwards).

2.Agonist Muscles:

Lifting Phase:

• Upper Trapezius: Primarily responsible for upward rotation of the shoulder blade.

• Deltoid: Responsible for shoulder abduction.

Lowering Phase:

• Rhomboids: Primarily responsible for shoulder adduction.

• Levator Scapulae: Responsible for downward rotation of the shoulder blade.

3.Contraction Type:

Lifting Phase:

• Concentric Contraction: The deltoid and upper trapezius undergo concentric contractions as they contract to lift the weight.

Lowering Phase:

• Eccentric Contraction: The rhomboids and levator scapulae undergo eccentric contractions as they control the descent of the weight.