Final answer:
Vaccination triggers artificially acquired active immunity, leading to the development of immunological memory without causing disease symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of adaptive immunity triggered by vaccination is known as artificially acquired active immunity. Unlike passive immunity, where antibodies are transferred to an individual, active immunity requires the immune system to respond to the presence of a pathogen by producing its own antibodies.
Vaccinations involve the introduction of a killed or weakened pathogen or its components into the body, prompting the immune system to develop immunological memory. This results in a weakened primary immune response without significant symptoms, allowing individuals to achieve immunity without suffering from the actual diseases.