Final answer:
Open-loop processes in packing a lunch include grabbing a sandwich and placing it in the lunchbox, reaching for a bag of chips without looking, and swinging an arm to place a water bottle in a backpack. Closed-loop processes might involve adjusting the grip on a sandwich that's slipping, searching and reaching for a snack, and checking the zip on a lunchbox. One open-loop movement parameter that could be changed is the speed of the arm swing when placing a water bottle in a backpack pocket.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a student is packing her lunch for school, both open-loop processes and closed-loop processes are involved in controlling her movements. Open-loop processes are movements that are executed without sensory feedback, while closed-loop processes require feedback and are adjusted based on sensory input.
- Grabbing a sandwich with a pre-determined force and placing it in the lunchbox.
- Reaching for a bag of chips without looking.
- Swinging the arm to place a water bottle in the side pocket of the backpack.
These are examples of movements that could be controlled by open-loop processes. They are planned movements that do not require feedback to complete.
- Adjusting the grip on a sandwich if it starts to slip.
- Looking to locate a small fruit snack in a drawer and reaching for it.
- Feeling the zip of the lunchbox to ensure it's closed properly.
These actions are examples of closed-loop processes, where sensory feedback is required to guide the movement.
To focus on one of the open-loop controlled movements, let's say the student is swinging her arm to place a water bottle in the side pocket of the backpack. One parameter of the generalized motor program that the student could modify is the speed of her arm movement. If she swings too fast or too slow, the water bottle might not land in the side pocket as intended.