Final answer:
The trade sanctions imposed by countries like the US and UK on Russia in the wake of its Ukraine invasion typify non-economic rationals for trade restrictions aimed at promoting acceptable practices abroad and enforcing international norms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The economic sanctions by the US and UK against Russia for its invasion of Ukraine represent b. Non-economic rationals for trade restrictions (Promoting acceptable practices abroad).
The use of trade restrictions such as sanctions and embargoes by different countries is a political tool aimed to pressure Russia to change its aggressive behavior. It is not primarily about protecting domestic industries or combating unemployment but instead serves as a method to promote international norms and peace by penalizing unwelcome actions. While economic restrictions can have significant impacts on the economies of both the sanctioning countries and the targeted nation, the primary justification in this context is geopolitical and moral rather than purely economic.
In addition to fostering acceptable practices abroad, nations also employ trade restrictions for national security reasons, ensuring the protection of essential industries, which is particularly relevant in the case of geopolitical rivals. Historical examples include trade restrictions to halt the spread of nuclear arms, such as with Iran, or protective measures to guard a nation's cultural identity, as with Japan's rice production.
These measures have far-reaching global implications, for instance, Russia's increasing economic reliance on China, potentially altering long-term geopolitical dynamics.