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Artificial Intelligence Write a program ( using any programming language) that implements A* algorithm for solving n-puzzle problem (n<=20) that is a generalization for 8-puzzle problem. note that n= 8, 10 and 20. propose and implement heuristics for this problem which are Number displaced tiles ,The Manhattan distance, Eucledian distances and the number of steps from the initial state.

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Final answer:

The student's question involves creating an A* algorithm to solve an n-puzzle problem in artificial intelligence, incorporating heuristics like the Number of displaced tiles, Manhattan distance, Euclidean distances, and step count from the initial state.

Step-by-step explanation:

The student's question pertains to the implementation of an A* algorithm for solving the n-puzzle problem, where n can be values such as 8, 10, or 20. This problem falls under the category of artificial intelligence within computers and technology, and it involves developing a program that strategically finds a solution to the puzzle by mimicking cognitive problem-solving techniques. In the n-puzzle problem, 'n' refers to the number of tiles that need to be arranged in a particular order on a board, where one space is left blank for movement.

The A* algorithm is a popular problem-solving strategy that uses heuristics to guide its search for the shortest path to the goal state. In this context, the heuristics proposed include: Number of displaced tiles, which counts the tiles that are not in their goal position; the Manhattan distance, which is the sum of the distances of each tile from its goal position measured along the grid; Euclidean distances, which measure the straight-line distance between tiles and their goal positions; and the number of steps from the initial state, quantifying the actual cost from the start to the current state.

To implement these heuristics in a programming language, one would define functions that calculate each of these distances for a given state of the puzzle and integrate these into the A* search algorithm. The A* algorithm would then use these heuristic functions to prioritize moves that appear to lead more directly to the solution, thus optimizing the search process.

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