Final answer:
The functions of bones include body support, facilitation of movement, protection of internal organs, storage of minerals and fat, and hematopoiesis. Bones are classified based on shape into long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones, with examples including the femur, carpals, and ribs respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functions of Bone
The major functions of the bones are:
Body support: Bones provide a framework that supports the body and maintains its shape.
Facilitation of movement: Bones; joints and muscles work together to enable movement.
Protection of internal organs: Bones such as the skull and rib cage protect the brain and vital organs from injury.
Storage of minerals: Bones are a reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus.
Storage of fat: The yellow bone marrow stores fat, which can serve as an energy reserve.
Hematopoiesis: Bones contain red marrow, which is involved in the production of blood cells.
Types of Bones and Examples
Bones can be classified according to their shapes, as follows:
Long bones: Such as the femur, are longer than they are wide.
Short bones: Such as the carpals, are approximately equal in length, width, and thickness.
Flat bones: Are thin and often curved, such as the ribs.
Irregular bones: Such as those of the face, have no characteristic shape.
Sesamoid bones: Such as the patellae, are small and round, and are located in tendons.