Final answer:
A convertible bond is the type that can be exchanged for an issuer's common stock at the investor's option, offering flexibility to investors while allowing the corporation to raise capital.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of bond an investor may exchange for the issuer's common stock at the investor's option is called a convertible bond.
This is different from other types of preferred stock or bonds which may have various features but do not convert into common stock.
A corporation accesses financial capital by borrowing from banks, issuing bonds, or issuing stocks. Bonds come with a commitment to scheduled interest payments regardless of income, while issuing stock results in the sale of company ownership and responsibility to a board of directors and shareholders.