Final answer:
The two-word nomenclature for genes involved in specific cellular pathology relates to 'genotype' and 'phenotype'. Genes and their expression patterns are key for identifying and understanding disease markers that are inherited and can influence phenotype. Nomenclature utilizes letter combinations to signify traits, such as 'Mc'/'mc' in cat coat genetics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two-word nomenclature that can be used to describe identified and characterised genes which participate in specific cellular pathology is often related to the terms genotype and phenotype. Genotype refers to the full collection of genes within a cell's genome, whereas phenotype refers to the observable characteristics derived from the expression of these genes.
For instance, in examining genetic markers that are associated with diseases, researchers look for proteins uniquely produced in a diseased state, or specific genes that are expressed differently. These markers are inherited and can be part of the diagnostic process for certain conditions. An understanding of how genes are expressed and regulated is essential to decipher the link between genotype and phenotype in the context of disease.
The nomenclature for genes typically involves a combination of letters signifying certain traits, like 'Mc'/'mc' for cat coat genetics. The functioning within a cell can be understood through studying constitutive or housekeeping genes related to necessary functions, as well as those with altered expression in response to pathogenic organisms.