Final answer:
Open-loop control processes operate without feedback, while closed-loop processes use feedback to adjust and maintain the desired outcome. A closed-loop system is suitable for maintaining balance when standing on one leg, whereas an open-loop system works for actions like tossing keys which do not require in-flight adjustments. Negative feedback maintains homeostasis, while positive feedback amplifies changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Differences Between Closed- and Open-Loop Control Processes
Open-loop control processes are those that operate without feedback; they do not monitor the output of the system and make no adjustments based on it. Closed-loop control processes, on the other hand, utilize feedback to continuously adjust the system to achieve the desired outcome.
Control Process for an Individual Standing on One Leg
A closed-loop control system would be most beneficial for an individual standing on one leg. This process requires constant adjustments based on feedback, such as the body's sense of balance and position to maintain stability. The sensory feedback from muscles and balance organs in the inner ear informs the brain, which then signals corrections to maintain posture.
Control Process for an Individual Tossing Their Keys
An open-loop control process is appropriate for an individual tossing their keys, as it involves executing a predefined action without the need to adjust based on sensory feedback once the motion has begun. The thrower judges the force and angle before the toss, but can't make in-flight corrections to the keys' trajectory.
Negative and Positive Feedback Loops
Negative feedback loops are more prevalent in biological systems, as they help maintain homeostasis by reducing excessive responses. For example, body temperature is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism, where sensors in the body detect a temperature change and trigger responses to return the temperature to a stable level. Conversely, positive feedback loops are processes that amplify or encourage a change, leading to a greater deviation from a set point. Two examples of physiological processes controlled by positive feedback loops are the release of oxytocin during childbirth, which intensifies contractions, and the process of blood clotting.