Final answer:
To identify the anterior and posterior sides of the humerus, look for the capitulum and coronoid fossa in the front, while the olecranon fossa is a distinctive feature on the back. The anterior side is related to powerful grasping muscles, in contrast to the posterior side, which is associated with weaker posterior forearm muscles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The humerus is the bone of the upper arm and has several features that help identify the anterior and posterior sides. On the anterior side, a knob-like structure known as the capitulum can be identified. It articulates with the radius bone of the forearm. Proximal to the capitulum, the coronoid fossa can be seen; it receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the elbow is flexed.
Additionally, the lesser tubercle is found on the anterior aspect of the humerus and serves as an attachment site for muscles. On the posterior side of the humerus, the prominent feature is the olecranon fossa, a large depression that receives the olecranon process of the ulna when the forearm is extended.
Moreover, the posterior side often gives rise to weaker forearm muscles, in contrast to the more robust features on the medial side related to powerful grasping muscles. Hence, the posterior features are not as pronounced as those on the anterior side.