Final answer:
Sedimentary rocks are formed through a process called lithification, which involves compaction and cementation. They are formed from pre-existing rocks that undergo weathering and erosion, followed by the accumulation and compaction of particles. Water is squeezed out of the pore spaces during compaction, and minerals precipitate and act as a glue that cements the sediment together to form sedimentary rock.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sedimentary rocks are formed through a process called lithification, which involves compaction and cementation. Here is the step-by-step process of how sedimentary rocks form:
- First, pre-existing rocks are weathered and eroded by various forces like root action, acid rainwater, gravity, wind, and water.
- Next, the broken particles are carried by water or air until they settle in a lower area where the current isn't strong enough to carry the particles.
- Then, as the particles accumulate, they undergo compaction, which reduces porosity and brings the grains closer together. This is similar to pushing down on garbage in a trash can to create more space.
- Finally, during the compaction process, water is squeezed out of the pore spaces. Minerals precipitate into these spaces and act as a glue that cements the sediment together, forming sedimentary rock.