Final answer:
In the 20th century, two major forms of socialism developed: utopian socialism and Marxist socialism. Utopian socialism emphasized gradual social change, while Marxist socialism focused on revolution. These forms differed in their approaches to achieving socialist ideals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Comparing the Two Major Forms of Socialism in the 20th Century
In the 20th century, two major forms of socialism developed: utopian socialism and Marxist socialism. Utopian socialism, which emerged in the second half of the 19th century, was characterized by an optimistic belief that almost everyone would eventually become a socialist once they understood its potential. Marxist socialism, on the other hand, focused on class struggles and the overthrow of capitalism to establish a socialist society.
While utopian socialism believed in gradual social change and could be seen in Germany's adoption of social democracy, Marxist socialism embraced the revolutionary rejection of capitalism and led to the establishment of a communist government in Russia after the 1917 revolution.
Overall, these two major forms of socialism differed in their approaches to achieving social change and the role of revolution in implementing socialist ideals.