Final answer:
The volumes of the rods are equal, but their masses may be different due to differences in density.
Step-by-step explanation:
The volumes of the 5 cm gold-colored rod and the 5 cm silver-colored rod are the same because their lengths are the same. The volume of a rod can be calculated by multiplying its length by its cross-sectional area. Since both rods have the same length, their volumes will be equal, assuming their cross-sectional areas are also equal.
Their masses, on the other hand, may not be the same because the density of gold is greater than the density of silver. Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. So, for the same volume, gold will have a greater mass than silver.
Therefore, the volumes of the gold-colored rod and the silver-colored rod are equal, but their masses may be different.