Final answer:
The Crusades were military campaigns with significant events like the Fourth Crusade's deviation. The Renaissance was a cultural revival of classical knowledge. The Age of Exploration expanded trade and led to the colonization of new territories.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Crusades
The Crusades were military campaigns sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period, primarily to reclaim the Holy Lands from Muslim rule.
The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204), notably, deviated from its original goal and resulted in the sack of the Christian city of Constantinople.
The Children's Crusade of 1212 ended in disaster, with many participants enslaved or harmed due to tragic circumstances.
The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe, marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity.
It saw the revival of classical philosophy, literature, and art, sometimes referenced as Neoplatonism, and was a time when figures such as Roger Bacon and Thomas Aquinas made significant contributions to knowledge and understanding.
Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration is characterized by European global exploration, which led to the establishment of direct trade links with Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
This era was marked by the voyages of pioneers like the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, which expanded European geographical knowledge and led to the eventual colonization of new lands.