Final answer:
The properties illustrated for each problem are the associative property of addition, identity property of addition, multiplicative identity property, and commutative property of multiplication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The provided problems showcase fundamental properties in mathematics.
The associative property of addition (a) highlights that changing the grouping of numbers in addition does not alter the result.
The identity property of addition (b) emphasizes that adding zero to any number leaves it unchanged.
The multiplicative identity property (c) demonstrates that multiplying any number by 1 yields the same number.
Finally, the commutative property of multiplication (d) illustrates that rearranging the order of factors in multiplication does not affect the outcome.
These properties serve as foundational rules, facilitating efficient and consistent mathematical operations.