Final answer:
The nervous system consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The PNS subdivides into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems, with the autonomic system further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Sensory neurons transmit information within the sensory division of the PNS.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS comprises the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body. The PNS itself is further subdivided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system, with the latter being responsible for involuntary functions and further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
The somatic nervous system is involved in voluntary control over skeletal muscles, whereas the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. The autonomic nervous system is split into the sympathetic division, which prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, and the parasympathetic division, which supports 'rest and digest' activities. Sensory neurons are part of the PNS and play a critical role in the sensory division, transmitting sensory information from the body to the CNS for integration and response.