Final answer:
The Congress has expressed, implied, and inherent powers as defined by the Constitution. Expressed powers are listed in Article I, Section 8, implied powers are deduced from these through the 'necessary and proper clause,' and inherent powers are those indispensable for any sovereign nation, not explicitly stated in the Constitution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Powers of Congress
The powers of Congress that are specifically listed in the Constitution are known as the expressed powers. These include being able to pass legislation, regulate commerce, declare war, and levy taxes, as detailed in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution.
Beyond expressed powers, Congress also has implied powers. These are not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are necessary to execute the expressed powers. The basis for implied powers comes from the "necessary and proper clause" of Article I, Section 8.
Moreover, Congress assumes certain inherent powers. These powers are not mentioned in the Constitution but are recognized as essential for the functioning of a sovereign nation, such as controlling borders and expanding territory.
Article I, Section 8 also clarifies that any powers not stated are reserved to the states or the people, as articulated in the Tenth Amendment, which describes reserved powers.