Final answer:
The four layers of the alimentary canal are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. These layers have specific functions and are responsible for absorption, secretion, peristalsis, and protection of the digestive organs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four layers of the alimentary canal are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.
These layers are found throughout the length of the digestive system and have specific functions.
The mucosa is the innermost layer that lines the lumen and is responsible for absorption and secretion.
The submucosa contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the mucosa.
The muscularis is responsible for peristalsis, which moves food through the digestive system.
Finally, the serosa is the outermost layer that protects the digestive organs.