Final answer:
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for stressful situations, while the parasympathetic division promotes relaxation and facilitates digestion. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions and organ systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
Comparison of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system.
The sympathetic division is responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response. It prepares the body for stressful situations by increasing heart rate, dilating blood vessels, and stimulating the release of adrenaline.
The parasympathetic division is responsible for the body's 'rest and digest' response. It promotes relaxation, conserves energy, and stimulates activities such as digestion and elimination.
Contrasting Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and sensory perception. It consists of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to skeletal muscles and skin.
The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions and regulates internal organs. It is responsible for maintaining homeostasis and consists of two divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
The autonomic nervous system uses reflexes to control organ function, while the somatic nervous system uses conscious control to move muscles.