Final answer:
During exercise, tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, and respiratory rate increase, while residual volume remains the same.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tidal volume (TV) is the amount of air that normally enters the lungs during quiet breathing. During exercise, tidal volume increases as more air is needed to meet the increased oxygen demand of the body.
Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled during a respiratory cycle. It also increases during exercise to supply more oxygen to the muscles.
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the extra volume of air that can be brought into the lungs during a forced inspiration. It increases during exercise to enhance oxygen uptake.
Residual volume (RV) is the air left in the lungs after maximal exhalation and does not change during exercise.
Respiratory rate refers to the number of breaths taken per minute. During exercise, respiratory rate usually increases to facilitate the intake and expulsion of greater volumes of air.