Final answer:
A state of matter is characterized as solid, liquid, or gas, based on physical properties like definite shape and volume for solids, definite volume but variable shape for liquids, and neither definite shape nor volume for gases.
Step-by-step explanation:
A state of matter with certain physical properties such as volume and space is known as either a solid, liquid, or gas. These classical states of matter are distinguished by their unique properties.
- Solids have a definite shape and volume because their particles are tightly packed and fixed into place.
- Liquids have a definite volume but adapt their shape to fit their container since their particles are close together but move freely.
- Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. They expand to fill their container, and their particles are well separated and move freely.
Each state of matter can transition to the other states through physical changes, such as by adding or removing heat. For instance, heating water turns it from ice (solid) to water (liquid) to steam (gas), and cooling reverses the process.