Question

Sam comes to you for advice to see if the way he's exercising and eating is going to put him on the right path to losing weight. He's gone to an exercise physiology laboratory to get some caloric testing done. They determined that his Basal metabolic rate is 1650 kcal/day. Sam exercises by either lifting weights for 60 minutes or biking 90 minutes each day, but not do both on the same day. They estimate that Sam's time weight training and his cycling expend about 400 kcal each. Sam also did a doubly-labelled water test and they found that his very sedentary office job that he drives to has him burning an additional 500 kcal/day. They estimate that the energy his body uses for digestion of the food that he eats is 244 kcal/day.

Sam gives you his 3-day food record and you can see that on average, he eats 115g of protein, 250g of carbohydrates and 80g of fat. Based on this information, Sam is in energy balance because he is consuming than he expends. Fill in the blanks.
a) Positive; 465 kcal more
b) None of these answers are correct
c) Positive: 380 kcal more
d) Negative; 465 kcal less
e) Negative; 380 kcal less

Answer 1

Based on the information provided, Sam is in a negative energy balance because he is consuming 380 kcal less than he expends.

Step-by-step explanation:

Based on the information provided, Sam is in a negative energy balance because he is consuming 380 kcal less than he expends. Let's break it down:

1. Sam's basal metabolic rate (BMR) is 1650 kcal/day. This is the amount of energy he needs to maintain basic bodily functions at rest.
2. Sam exercises either by weight lifting (400 kcal) or biking (400 kcal) each day, but not both on the same day.
3. His very sedentary office job burns an additional 500 kcal/day.
4. The energy his body uses for digestion is 244 kcal/day.

Now let's calculate Sam's energy intake:

1. Protein: 115g x 4 kcal/g = 460 kcal
2. Carbohydrates: 250g x 4 kcal/g = 1000 kcal
3. Fat: 80g x 9 kcal/g = 720 kcal
   

Total energy intake: 460 kcal + 1000 kcal + 720 kcal = 2180 kcalTherefore, Sam's energy expenditure is 1650 kcal (BMR) + 400 kcal (exercise) + 500 kcal (sedentary job) + 244 kcal (digestion) = 2794 kcal

Sam's energy intake is 2180 kcal, which is 614 kcal less than his energy expenditure. Since he is consuming less than he expends, he is in a negative energy balance of 380 kcal less than what he needs.