Final answer:
Shifting cultivators under British rule faced problems such as eviction from their lands, food shortages, and conflicts within Indian society. The encouragement of cash-crop agriculture also had negative consequences on Indian textiles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Shifting cultivators under British rule faced several problems. Firstly, the demand for farmland for cash crops such as tobacco put pressure on Indigenous communities. Many small farmers who were unable to pay British taxes were evicted from their lands, resulting in the loss of food-producing land and devastating famines. Additionally, the British encouraged cash-crop agriculture, which led to the decline of Indian textiles and transformed India into an export economy. The British rule also led to conflicts within Indian society, as Indigenous communities were divided between those who cooperated with the British and those who rebelled against foreign domination.