Final answer:
The eye contains rods and cones as photoreceptor cells, with rods aiding low-light vision and cones enabling color vision. The iris controls light entry, the cornea focuses light, the sclera maintains eye shape, and the conjunctiva lubricates. Cataracts affect the lens, conjunctivitis affects the conjunctiva, color blindness affects the cones, and photoreceptors are located in the retina.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of receptors found in the eyes are rods and cones. Rods are responsible for vision in low light conditions, while cones are involved in color vision and function best in bright light conditions. Both types of receptors are activated by light and convert light into nerve impulses.
The iris regulates the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil. The cornea acts as a protective layer and helps to focus incoming light onto the retina. The sclera is the white outer layer of the eye that maintains its shape and provides protection. The conjunctiva is a membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids, providing additional protection and lubrication. The ciliary body contains the muscles that adjust the shape of the lens to focus the light.
Cataracts affect the lens, causing it to become cloudy and obstruct vision. Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, affects the conjunctiva, causing inflammation and irritation. Color blindness is a condition that impacts the cones, specifically their ability to perceive different colors.
Photoreceptors, namely rods and cones, are located in the retina at the back of the eye. Rods are particularly sensitive to low levels of light and are found mainly in the peripheral parts of the retina, while cones are found mainly in the central part of the retina, especially in the fovea, providing the ability to perceive fine details and color.