Final answer:
To calculate the density of the liquid, subtract the mass of the empty cylinder from the total mass with the liquid, then divide by the volume. The density is 1.0992 g/mL, rounded to 1.10 g/mL based on significant figures.
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the density of the unknown liquid, we first need to calculate the mass of the liquid alone by subtracting the mass of the empty graduated cylinder from the total mass of the cylinder plus the liquid. Then, we'll use the formula for density, which is density = mass/volume.
The mass of the empty cylinder is 40.234 g, and the mass of the cylinder with the liquid is 44.356 g. So, the mass of the liquid is 44.356 g - 40.234 g = 4.122 g. Given the volume of the liquid is 3.75 mL, the formula for density gives us:
Density = Mass / Volume = 4.122 g / 3.75 mL = 1.0992 g/mL
The density of the unknown liquid is 1.0992 g/mL. In accordance with significant figure rules, since the volume has three significant figures, the density should be rounded to three significant figures as well, resulting in 1.10 g/mL.