Final answer:
The main short-term impact of the Partition of Bengal was division between the Hindu and Muslim populations in West Bengal and East Bengal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main short-term impact of the Partition of Bengal was indeed division. The partition, which took place in 1905, divided the province of Bengal into two regions - West Bengal and East Bengal. This division was based on religious lines, with the majority Hindu population in West Bengal and the majority Muslim population in East Bengal. The arbitrary drawing of borders created a division between the Hindu and Muslim populations, leading to increased tensions and conflicts between the two groups.