Final answer:
Sparta and Athens were two contrasting city-states in ancient Greece during the Archaic period. Sparta was militaristic and had strict social hierarchy, while Athens celebrated art, music, and democracy. Archidamus, the king of Sparta, pointed out the differences between the two cities.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the Archaic period, Sparta and Athens emerged as two important Greek city-states with contrasting characteristics. Sparta was a militaristic society, known for its emphasis on land warfare and strict social hierarchy, while Athens celebrated art, music, and democracy. Archidamus, the king of Sparta, pointed out the differences between Sparta and Athens, highlighting the contrasting values and political systems of the two cities.