Final answer:
Sand Road traders faced two major challenges: environmental hazards, such as the barren Gobi Desert and difficult terrain, and the danger of banditry, which threatened their safety and the security of their cargo on these perilous journeys.
Step-by-step explanation:
Traders on the Sand Road, such as those traveling the Silk Roads and Sahara trade routes, faced significant challenges during their journeys. Environmental hazards were among the most prominent challenges. Desert terrains like the Gobi Desert presented extreme conditions with scarce water sources, necessitating the establishment of caravansaries to support long-distance camel caravans.
Another considerable challenge was the threat of banditry. Without consistent protection, traders were regularly targeted by thieves and required the support of small armies or to join super-caravans for safety, though these measures were the exception rather than the rule. The perilous journey on Sand Roads was further complicated by political instability, which could hinder safe passage between different regions, increasing the risks for traders and their valuable cargo.