Final answer:
Quantitative experiments, when properly designed, filter out bias and irrelevant factors, using random assignment and statistical analysis to produce reliable, ethical, and meaningful results.
Step-by-step explanation:
Quantitative experiments are designed to minimize bias and extraneous variables, producing reliable data. In a well-constructed study, participants are randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group, which receives a placebo.
This random assignment ensures that the only difference between groups is the independent variable being tested. The ethical constraints in scientific research prevent experimenting in ways that could harm participants. For example, studies involving abuse would be unethical; thus, researchers pursue alternative methods to investigate such sensitive topics.
Statistical analysis is used to interpret experimental findings, determining if observed differences are significant or due to chance. A result with less than a five percent chance of being a false positive is generally considered significant.
The ability to repeat an experiment and achieve the same results adds further validity, strengthening causal claims. Experiments can be conducted in either a laboratory setting or through natural experiments, with each having its advantages in terms of control and authenticity of results.