Final answer:
To model the Sun's effect on a planet, the ball should be thrown in a straight line with the string trailing behind.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order to model the Sun's effect on a planet, the ball should be thrown in a straight line with the string trailing behind. This is option D.
By throwing the ball in a straight line with the string trailing behind, we are representing the gravitational pull of the Sun on the planet. The string acts as the force of gravity that keeps the planet in its orbit around the Sun.