Final answer:
The Japanese defeat of the Mongol invasion of the 13th century led to the belief among the Japanese people and rulers that they had divine protection and could not be defeated by foreigners.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Japanese defeat of the Mongol invasion of the 13th century had a significant impact on Japanese culture and national identity. The Mongol invasions, which took place in 1274 and 1281, were repelled due to a combination of Japanese defensive fortifications and the occurrence of typhoons. These victories gave rise to the belief among the Japanese people and rulers that they had divine protection and could not be defeated by foreigners.