Final answer:
Islamism is a political ideology aiming to establish Islamic law in governance, while fundamentalism represents a strict adherence to religious doctrines across various religions. There is an overlap, particularly in Arab and Iraqi societies, where both ideologies influence discussions on religious versus secular governance and have led to the formation of groups like ISIS. However, Islamism is inherently political, whereas fundamentalism may or may not be political.
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing and contrasting Islamism and fundamentalism, it is essential to understand their beliefs and influences on society. Islamism refers to a political ideology that seeks to implement Islamic law as the basis of governance. On the other hand, fundamentalism is a broader term across various religions where adherents strictly adhere to perceived original principles of the faith.
In modern society, specifically in Arabian and Iraqi contexts, both Islamism and fundamentalism have had considerable influence. There is an overlap where Islamic fundamentalists often support Islamist political goals. In Arabia and Iraq, these ideologies have influenced debates about the religious state versus the secular state and the role of Sharia law in governance. Notably, groups like ISIS have represented an extreme intersection of these ideologies, seeking to create a theocratic state based on a strict interpretation of Islam.
While there are similarities, such as a desire for a society governed by Islamic principles, the methodologies and specific interpretations can differ. Fundamentalism isn't inherently political but may become so when fundamentalists seek to influence or control the political sphere. In contrast, Islamists explicitly pursue political power to implement their vision of an Islamic state.