Final answer:
European colonization in Latin America led to independence movements due to oppression by colonial powers, inspiration from other independence movements, and external support and influence.
Step-by-step explanation:
European colonization in Latin America led to independence movements through various factors:
- Oppression by colonial powers: The colonization led to the exploitation of the indigenous population as well as the mixed-race majorities. The creole elites, who feared the oppressed majorities, negotiated their successes at each step. This exploitation and oppression created a desire for independence and freedom among the Latin American people.
- Inspiration from other independence movements: The successful independence movements in the American Revolution and the Haitian Revolution inspired the Latin American leaders to fight for their own independence. They saw that it was possible to break free from colonial rule and establish independent nations.
- External support and influence: The independence movements in Latin America received support from outside sources. For example, English and Irish mercenaries joined the fight for freedom alongside leaders like Bolívar in Latin America. Great Britain was particularly interested in an independent Latin America as a source of markets for its industrial products.