Final answer:
The scenario describing Rick's high performance in different cognitive domains aligns with the concept of general intelligence, which suggests an overarching cognitive ability that impacts various cognitive tasks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scenario you provided, where Rick scored very high in different types of cognitive abilities measured by different tests, is most closely associated with the research theory of general intelligence. This concept, often represented as 'g' in psychological research, posits that there is an underlying general cognitive ability that influences performance across a variety of cognitive tasks. The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities also supports this idea, suggesting a hierarchical structure of intelligence with general intelligence at the top, broad abilities in the middle—like fluid reasoning, short-term memory, and processing speed—and then more narrow abilities at the bottom, which can be directly measured.