Final answer:
Bienville launched a military campaign against the Chickasaw due to conflicts and competition between European powers, such as the French and British, in North America during the 18th century. The Chickasaw posed a threat to French interests as they were allied with the British, and Bienville aimed to weaken them and establish French dominance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bienville launched a military campaign against the Chickasaw because of the ongoing conflicts and competition for territory between European powers, such as the French and British, in North America during the 18th century. The French, who controlled the Louisiana territory, sought to expand their influence and control over the Native American tribes in the region. The Chickasaw, being a powerful tribe and allied with the British, posed a threat to French interests, leading Bienville to take military action.
Furthermore, the Chickasaw had also been involved in conflicts with other Native American tribes, such as the Choctaw, who were aligned with the French. Bienville saw an opportunity to weaken the Chickasaw and assert French dominance by launching a military campaign against them.
During the military campaign, Bienville led several expeditions against the Chickasaw, including the unsuccessful Siege of Chickasaw Bluffs in 1736. The conflict eventually ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which marked the end of the French and Indian War and led to France ceding much of its North American territory to Britain.