Final answer:
A state that has supreme authority within its own borders possesses the characteristic of sovereignty, allowing it to govern itself and make and carry out its own laws.
Step-by-step explanation:
A state that has supreme authority within its own borders possesses the characteristic of sovereignty. Sovereignty is the ability of a state to govern itself and make and carry out its own laws without interference from other states or entities. It allows a state to exert its power within its own borders and protect its interests.
In order to be considered a state, there are also three other characteristics that must be met: population, known and recognized boundaries, and the ability to decide their own foreign and domestic policies without seeking the direct authority of any other nation.
Examples of states exercising their sovereignty include regulating public safety, moral behavior, and general welfare of their citizens, as well as issuing licenses, conducting elections, and controlling public schools.