Final answer:
According to Newton's second law, Cart A with half the mass of Cart B will experience double the acceleration when the same force is applied to both carts.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the same force is applied to Carts A and B, with Cart A having half the mass of Cart B, Newton's second law of motion predicts that Cart A will experience double the acceleration of Cart B. This law states that acceleration is directly proportional to the net external force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Since Cart A has half the mass of Cart B, but both are subject to the same force, Cart A accelerates faster due to its smaller mass. Therefore, Cart A will have a higher acceleration compared to Cart B.