Final answer:
When the parathyroid gland is completely removed, blood calcium levels are expected to decrease. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a crucial role in maintaining blood calcium levels by enhancing reabsorption of calcium, stimulating osteoclast activity, and stimulating the synthesis and secretion of calcitriol. Abnormal levels of aldosterone can cause increased blood pressure and volume by promoting sodium and water reabsorption.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a patient with parathyroid cancer has the gland completely removed, the blood calcium levels are expected to decrease, resulting in hypocalcemia. The parathyroid gland is responsible for producing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a crucial role in maintaining blood calcium levels. PTH enhances the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys, stimulates osteoclast activity, and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of calcitriol. Without the parathyroid gland, the body cannot produce enough PTH to regulate blood calcium levels effectively.
Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, not the parathyroid gland. Abnormal levels of aldosterone can cause increased blood pressure and blood volume through its effects on the kidneys. Aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of sodium and water, leading to an increase in blood volume. This, in turn, raises blood pressure. Abnormal aldosterone levels can result from conditions like hyperaldosteronism or adrenal gland disorders.