Final answer:
The equator receives the most solar energy from the Sun due to its direct exposure to sunlight throughout the year, while the poles receive the least due to the low angle of sunlight.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relationship between the Sun's energy and Earth's surface involves the distribution of sunlight across the planet, which varies by latitude and season. The equator receives the most energy because sunlight strikes it more directly throughout the year. During June, the Northern Hemisphere leans into the Sun, receiving more direct and intense sunlight, which makes it warmer, a concept similar to shining a flashlight directly onto a wall. Similarly, during December, the Southern Hemisphere leans towards the Sun and enjoys summer. The poles, however, receive the least amount of solar energy due to the low angle of sunlight striking them. Therefore, the best description of the relationship between the Sun's energy and Earth's surface is that the equator receives the most energy.