Final answer:
Archeology is related to geography through the study of past human activity and its spatial representation, overlapping with the human geography domain. Economics is also related due to consideration of resource distribution and environmental impacts on economies. In contrast, paleontology and physics are not as closely aligned with the core study of geography.
Step-by-step explanation:
Disciplines Related to Geography
Geography is a diverse field that delves into both physical and human aspects of the world. When considering disciplines related to geography, archeology emerges as a pertinent field. Archeologists study past human activity by excavating and analyzing artifacts and structures, thereby overlapping with the human geography domain that examines the cultural landscapes and practices. Economics is also related to geography because it frequently considers the spatial distribution of resources, trade, and the effects of the environment on economic activities. In contrast, paleontology and physics, although they may occasionally intersect with geographical topics, are generally not considered as closely related to the core study of geography as archeology and economics are.
In response to the query about 19th-century reconstruction of Eratosthenes map of the known world, it highlights the history and evolution of the geographical discipline, further illustrating the deep interconnection between human history and geographical studies. Biogeography, which concerns the geographic distribution of species, and aspects like ecological succession, can also be categorize as subsets of geography because they deal with spatial patterns and temporal change of biological entities in relation to their environments.
Therefore, the answer to the student's question would be archaeology (b), which is closely connected to the human geographic element of studying past cultures and their spatial distribution.