Final answer:
Physical weathering can affect a sample by causing it to crack, break apart, erode, or peel due to processes like freeze-thaw weathering, abrasion, exfoliation, root pressure, and temperature changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Physical weathering can affect a sample in several ways. One common form of physical weathering is freeze-thaw weathering, where water enters cracks or pores in a rock and freezes, causing the water to expand and exert pressure on the rock. This repeated freezing and thawing can cause the rock to crack and break apart. Another form of physical weathering is abrasion, where rocks are worn down and broken apart by rubbing against each other or against other materials. For example, when waves crash against coastal rocks, they can cause the rocks to gradually erode and break apart.
Furthermore, physical weathering can also occur through exfoliation, which is the peeling or scaling of rock layers due to the release of pressure. This process usually happens when overlying rocks or soil are gradually eroded or removed, causing the underlying rock to expand and crack.
Moreover, plants and tree roots can contribute to physical weathering. As roots grow and exert pressure on the surrounding rock, they can cause small fractures to form. Over time, these fractures can widen and break the rock apart.
Additionally, temperature changes can also lead to physical weathering. When rocks are exposed to extreme heat or cold, they expand or contract, causing stress on the rock's surface. This stress can eventually cause the rock to crack and break apart.
In summary, physical weathering can affect a sample by causing it to crack, break apart, erode, or peel due to processes like freeze-thaw weathering, abrasion, exfoliation, root pressure, and temperature changes.