Final answer:
When the Sun, Moon, and Earth are lined up in a straight line, b. Earth experiences higher high tides and lower low tides, known as spring tides.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the Sun, Moon, and Earth are lined up in a straight line, b. Earth experiences higher high tides and lower low tides.
These tides are called spring tides and occur because the gravitational pull of both the Moon and the Sun reinforce each other, creating stronger tides than usual. The shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun and the rotation of the Moon are not affected by the alignment.