Final answer:
The principle that spreads power out between different levels of the government in the U.S. Constitution is known as federalism, which works alongside separation of powers and Dillon's Rule to distribute, share, and limit governmental powers.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the core principles of the U.S. Constitution that divides governmental power is federalism. This principle ensures that power and responsibility are spread out between different levels of government, namely national and state governments. In the U.S. federal system, the Constitution outlines distinct powers for the federal government while reserving a separate scope of powers for the states.
The separation of powers is another key principle where the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. This structure establishes a system of checks and balances, where each branch has different responsibilities and powers and can limit the powers of the other branches to prevent anyone from becoming too dominant.
At the substate level, Dillon's Rule reflects the principle that state laws have supremacy over local jurisdictions within the state, indicating that states can govern local matters unless otherwise specified by statutes.