Question

Match the following conditions with the type of acid-base imbalance that they will most likely cause. Choices may be used more than once. excessive intake of antacids. Ketosis is uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. (DKA) Excessive loss of bicarbonate from the body, as in prolonged diarrhea or renal dysfunction. Decreased respiratory rate in a patient taking an overdose of morphine. Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents (which are high in HCl (hydrochloric acid) content). Decreased blood level of CO₂ because of hyperventilation.

1. metabolic acidosis 2. metabolic alkalosis 3. respiratory acidosis 4. respiratory alkalosis

Answer 1

Conditions like antacid intake and vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis, while diabetic ketoacidosis and diarrhea result in metabolic acidosis. Morphine overdose leads to respiratory acidosis, whereas hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis.

Step-by-step explanation:

The matching of conditions to the type of acid-base imbalance they will most likely cause can be outlined as follows:

1. Excessive intake of antacids: metabolic alkalosis.
2. Ketosis in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DKA): metabolic acidosis.
3. Excessive loss of bicarbonate from the body, as in prolonged diarrhea or renal dysfunction: metabolic acidosis.
4. Decreased respiratory rate in a patient taking an overdose of morphine: respiratory acidosis.
5. Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents (which are high in HCl content): metabolic alkalosis.
6. Decreased blood level of CO₂ because of hyperventilation: respiratory alkalosis.

These conditions are correlated with shifts in pH balance due to various physiological mechanisms. For example, excessive intake of antacids can lead to an overabundance of bicarbonate in the blood, resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Conversely, ketosis during uncontrolled diabetes leads to an excess of acid in the blood, pushing the balance towards metabolic acidosis. Similarly, loss of bicarbonate due to diarrhea or renal dysfunction also trends towards metabolic acidosis because of the loss of base from the body. Morphine overdose can suppress breathing, leading to CO₂ retention and eventually respiratory acidosis. Prolonged vomiting can lead to excessive loss of acidic stomach contents, thus contributing to metabolic alkalosis. Lastly, hyperventilation may cause a rapid decrease in CO₂, leading to respiratory alkalosis.