Final answer:
Retrospective voting occurs when voters consider a candidate's past actions and the economic climate, while prospective voting involves using a candidate's past behavior to predict future actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Retrospective voting occurs when the voter looks at the candidate's past actions and the past economic climate and makes a decision only using these factors. This behavior may occur during economic downturns or after political scandals, when voters hold politicians accountable and do not wish to give the representative a second chance.
Prospective voting occurs when the voter applies information about a candidate's past behavior to decide how the candidate will act in the future.