Final answer:
In Federalist No. 10, Madison claims that the size of the population covered in a certain government affects the formation of factions. In a larger republic, it is less likely for a majority to have a common motive to oppress the rights of other citizens, and the larger scale can limit the potential for factions dominating.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison claims that the size of the population covered in a certain government affects the formation of factions. He argues that in a larger republic, a greater number of citizens and interests would be involved, making it less likely for a majority to have a common motive to oppress the rights of other citizens. Additionally, the larger scale of a national republic would prevent local interests from dominating, limiting the potential for factions to impose their will on the minority unjustly.