Final Answer:
Potassium nitrate solute will dissolve the most (in grams) at 30º C
Therefore the correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order to determine which solute will dissolve the most at 30º C, we need to consider the solubility of each compound at that temperature. Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) is known for its high solubility, making it the most likely candidate to dissolve the most grams at 30º C among the options given.
Potassium nitrate dissociates into potassium ions (K⁺) and nitrate ions (NO₃⁻) in water. The high solubility can be attributed to the ion-dipole interactions between these ions and water molecules. The process of dissolution involves breaking the ionic bonds within the crystal lattice and surrounded by water molecules. The strong attraction between the ions and water molecules facilitates the dissolution, leading to a high solubility for potassium nitrate.
In contrast, sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), and potassium chlorate (KClO₃) also dissolve in water, but potassium nitrate surpasses them in solubility at 30º C. Factors such as the nature of the ions, their charge, and the size of the ions play crucial roles in determining solubility. Overall, considering these factors, potassium nitrate emerges as the solute that will dissolve the most at 30º C among the given options.
Therefore the correct option is C.