Final answer:
Medications used to treat overactive bladder include antimuscarinics and Beta-3 adrenergic agonists, while loop diuretics like furosemide treat hypertension by increasing urine output by inhibiting Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
Step-by-step explanation:
Medications used to treat symptoms associated with an overactive bladder are typically antimuscarinics such as oxybutynin and tolterodine, which relax the detrusor muscle. In some cases, Beta-3 adrenergic agonists like mirabegron, which relax the bladder muscle, may be used. Additionally, drugs called loop diuretics, such as furosemide (Lasix), are used to treat conditions like hypertension by increasing urine output. These diuretics work by inhibiting the reabsorption of Na+ (sodium) and Cl- (chloride) ions in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle within the nephrons in the kidneys, which leads to an increase in urine production.