Final answer:
A congenital disorder is present at or before birth and can be due to genetic abnormalities, birth complications, or environmental factors. Genetic disorders like Down syndrome are caused by mutations or chromosomal issues and are not always classified as 'congenital'. An inherited sexually transmitted disease is not a congenital disorder because it is transferred from parents to child and not due to developmental issues in utero.
Step-by-step explanation:
What is not a congenital disorder? A congenital disorder is a medical condition that is present at or before birth. Such conditions can result from genetic abnormalities, complications during birth, or certain environmental factors.
Conditions like Down syndrome, hemochromatosis, haemophilia, and Huntington's disease are examples of genetic disorders which can be present at birth but are not always referred to as congenital because they are specifically caused by mutations in genes or an abnormal number of chromosomes, rather than by factors affecting the fetus during gestation or birth.
On the other hand, diseases like congenital hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney disease, and congenital insensitivity to pain are examples of congenital disorders because they are structural or functional anomalies present at birth.
Therefore, a condition such as an inherited sexually transmitted disease would not be a congenital disorder because it is not caused by during-utero developmental issues but rather transmitted from the parents in a different fashion.