Final answer:
The argument about Aldo seeing a Whooping Crane is an example of an argument from authority, which is a type of inductive reasoning based on the credibility of the witness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The argument "Aldo says he saw a Whooping Crane in a Wisconsin marsh; Aldo is a highly reliable witness; so, Aldo probably did see a Whooping Crane in a Wisconsin marsh" is an example of an argument from authority. This is a type of inductive reasoning where we rely on the credibility of the source (Aldo being a reliable witness) to support the likelihood of the conclusion (that Aldo did see a Whooping Crane).
In contrast, a causal argument would require a cause-and-effect relationship, while an inductive generalization would involve a conclusion drawn from multiple instances to form a general conclusion. Neither of these fits the argument presented. The scientific method and deductive reasoning are different forms of logical thinking and do not apply to this situation. Therefore, the correct answer is C. an argument from authority.